How Fontist Works

Understanding Fontist's internal architecture helps you use it effectively and troubleshoot issues.

Architecture Overview

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                         Fontist                                 │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                                 │
│  ┌─────────────┐    ┌─────────────┐    ┌─────────────┐          │
│  │   Formulas  │    │   Indexes   │    │   Fonts     │          │
│  │  (Recipes)  │    │  (Catalogs) │    │  (Files)    │          │
│  └──────┬──────┘    └──────┬──────┘    └──────┬──────┘          │
│         │                  │                  │                  │
│         │    ┌─────────────┴─────────────┐    │                  │
│         │    │                           │    │                  │
│         └────┤     Font Lookup          ├────┘                  │
│              │                           │                        │
│              └─────────────┬─────────────┘                        │
│                            │                                      │
│                            ▼                                      │
│                    ┌───────────────┐                              │
│                    │  Return Paths │                              │
│                    └───────────────┘                              │
│                                                                 │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Directory Structure

Fontist stores all its data in ~/.fontist/:

~/.fontist/
├── fonts/                          # Installed font files
│   ├── roboto/                     # Fonts organized by formula
│   │   ├── Roboto-Regular.ttf
│   │   └── Roboto-Bold.ttf
│   └── open-sans/
│       └── OpenSans-Regular.ttf
│
├── versions/
│   └── v4/
│       ├── formulas/               # Git clone of formulas repo
│       │   └── Formulas/
│       │       ├── roboto.yml
│       │       └── private/        # Custom formula repos
│       │           └── my-org/
│       │
│       ├── formula_index.default_family.yml    # Formula index
│       ├── formula_index.preferred_family.yml  # Alternative naming
│       └── filename_index.yml                  # Filename lookup
│
├── fontist_index.default_family.yml  # Fontist-installed fonts
├── system_index.default_family.yml   # OS system fonts
└── user_index.default_family.yml     # User-installed fonts

Font Indexes

Fontist maintains multiple indexes for fast font lookups. Each index catalogs fonts from a different source.

Index Types

Index	Source	Path
Formula Index	Formula YAML files	`~/.fontist/versions/v4/formula_index.*.yml`
System Index	OS-installed fonts	`~/.fontist/system_index.*.yml`
Fontist Index	Fonts installed by Fontist	`~/.fontist/fontist_index.*.yml`
User Index	User font directory	`~/.fontist/user_index.*.yml`

Formula Index

Maps font names to formula files for fast lookups:

yaml

# formula_index.default_family.yml
roboto:
  - roboto.yml
open sans:
  - open_sans.yml
segoe ui:
  - segoe_ui.yml
  - macos/segoe_ui.yml  # Can have multiple sources

System Font Index

Catalogs fonts already installed on your operating system:

yaml

# system_index.default_family.yml
- path: /System/Library/Fonts/Helvetica.ttc
  full_name: Helvetica
  family_name: Helvetica
  subfamily: Regular
  file_size: 1034204
  file_mtime: 1699900000

The system index includes smart caching:

Timestamp checks: Skips re-indexing if directories haven't changed
File metadata: Uses size and mtime to detect changes
30-minute threshold: Trusts recent scans without re-checking

Font Lookup Order

When you search for a font, Fontist checks indexes in this order:

1. Fontist Index    → ~/.fontist/fonts/
2. User Index       → Platform user fonts + /fontist/
3. System Index     → OS system fonts
4. Formula Index    → Download if not found

System Font Detection

Fontist automatically detects fonts in OS-specific locations.

macOS

/Library/Fonts/**/*.ttf
/System/Library/Fonts/**/*.ttf
~/Library/Fonts/*.ttf
/Applications/Microsoft*/Contents/Resources/**/*.ttf
/System/Library/AssetsV2/com_apple_MobileAsset_Font*/**/*.ttf

Windows

C:\Windows\Fonts\**\*.ttf
C:\Users\{username}\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Fonts\**\*.ttf
C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft\**\*.ttf

Linux

/usr/share/fonts/**/*.ttf
~/.local/share/fonts/**/*.ttf

Configuration Priority

Fontist uses a unified configuration system with a clear priority order. Settings can come from multiple sources, but higher-priority sources always override lower ones.

Priority Order (Highest to Lowest)

Priority	Source	Example	Scope
1	Environment Variable	`FONTIST_PATH=/custom`	Process-wide
2	Config File	`~/.fontist/config.yml`	Persistent
3	CLI Option	`--location user`	Single command
4	Ruby API	`Fontist.preferred_family = true`	Current session
5	Default Value	Built-in defaults	Fallback

Example: Install Location Priority

# Priority 1: ENV VAR wins
export FONTIST_INSTALL_LOCATION=user
fontist install "Roboto" --location system  # Still uses "user"!

# To override ENV, unset it first
unset FONTIST_INSTALL_LOCATION
fontist install "Roboto" --location system  # Now uses "system"

Configuration Settings

Setting	ENV VAR	Config Key	CLI Option	Default
Base path	`FONTIST_PATH`	-	-	`~/.fontist`
Fonts path	-	`fonts_path`	-	`~/.fontist/fonts`
Formulas path	`FONTIST_FORMULAS_PATH`	-	`--formulas-path`	(auto)
Install location	`FONTIST_INSTALL_LOCATION`	`fonts_install_location`	`--location`	`fontist`
User fonts path	`FONTIST_USER_FONTS_PATH`	`user_fonts_path`	-	Platform default
System fonts path	`FONTIST_SYSTEM_FONTS_PATH`	`system_fonts_path`	-	Platform default
Preferred family	-	`preferred_family`	`--preferred-family`	`false`
No cache	-	-	`--no-cache`	`false`

Environment Variables

Variable	Description	Default
`FONTIST_PATH`	Base directory for all Fontist data	`~/.fontist`
`FONTIST_FORMULAS_PATH`	Custom formulas directory	(auto)
`FONTIST_INSTALL_LOCATION`	Default install location	`fontist`
`FONTIST_USER_FONTS_PATH`	Custom user fonts path	Platform default
`FONTIST_SYSTEM_FONTS_PATH`	Custom system fonts path	Platform default
`FONTIST_IMPORT_CACHE`	Import cache directory	`~/.fontist/import_cache`
`FONTIST_NO_MIRRORS`	Disable formula index mirrors	`false`
`GOOGLE_FONTS_API_KEY`	Google Fonts API key	(none)

Example: Custom Fontist Path

# Use a different base directory
export FONTIST_PATH=/opt/fontist
fontist install "Roboto"
# Installs to /opt/fontist/fonts/roboto/

Installation Locations

Fonts can be installed to different locations:

Location	Path	Use Case
fontist (default)	`~/.fontist/fonts/{formula}/`	Isolated, safe, recommended
user	Platform-specific + `/fontist/`	Available to all apps
system	System fonts dir + `/fontist/`	All users (requires admin)

Platform-Specific User Paths

Platform	User Font Path
macOS	`~/Library/Fonts/fontist/`
Linux	`~/.local/share/fonts/fontist/`
Windows	`%LOCALAPPDATA%\Microsoft\Windows\Fonts\fontist\`

Specifying Location

# Default: install to ~/.fontist/fonts/
fontist install "Roboto"

# Install to user fonts directory
fontist install "Roboto" --location user

# Install system-wide (requires admin)
sudo fontist install "Roboto" --location system

Font Lookup Flow

When you run fontist install "Open Sans":

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Step 1: Check Installed Fonts                               │
│   Search Fontist Index → Found? → Return paths              │
│   Search User Index    → Found? → Return paths              │
│   Search System Index  → Found? → Return paths              │
└─────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────┘
                          │ Not found
                          ▼
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Step 2: Search Formulas                                     │
│   Look up "open sans" in Formula Index                      │
│   Found formula: open_sans.yml                              │
└─────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────┘
                          │
                          ▼
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Step 3: Download & Install                                  │
│   Parse formula → Get download URL                          │
│   Download archive → Verify checksum                        │
│   Extract fonts → Install to ~/.fontist/fonts/open-sans/    │
│   Update Fontist Index                                      │
└─────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────┘
                          │
                          ▼
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Step 4: Return Paths                                        │
│   Return: ["/home/user/.fontist/fonts/open-sans/OpenSans-   │
│            Regular.ttf", ...]                               │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Resource Dispatch

Fontist selects a download strategy based on the formula's source field:

Source	Resource Class	Behavior
`google`	`GoogleResource`	Downloads from Google Fonts API
`apple_cdn`	`AppleCDNResource`	Downloads from Apple CDN
`windows_fod`	`WindowsFodResource`	Installs via PowerShell `Add-WindowsCapability`
(default)	`ArchiveResource`	Downloads and extracts archive via excavate

For Windows FOD fonts, the flow differs from archives — instead of downloading a file, Fontist checks if the Windows capability is installed and installs it via PowerShell if needed. Font files are then read from C:\Windows\Fonts.

Index Management

Automatic Rebuilding

Indexes are rebuilt automatically when:

Formulas repository is updated (fontist update)
A new formula repo is added (fontist repo add)
Fonts are installed or uninstalled

Manual Index Commands

# Rebuild all indexes from scratch
fontist index rebuild

# Show index file location
fontist index path

# List all indexed fonts
fontist index list

# Clear index (forces rebuild on next access)
fontist index clear

# Show index statistics
fontist index info

Index Update Strategies

Command	When to Use
`fontist update`	Get latest formulas and rebuild indexes
`fontist index rebuild`	Full system font rescan (slow but complete)
`fontist index update`	Incremental update (fast, detects changes)

Configuration Priority

Fontist uses a unified configuration system with a clear priority order. Settings can come from multiple sources, but higher-priority sources always override lower ones.

Priority Order (Highest to Lowest)

Priority	Source	Example	Scope
1	Environment Variable	`FONTIST_PATH=/custom`	Process-wide
2	Config File	`~/.fontist/config.yml`	Persistent
3	CLI Option	`--location user`	Single command
4	Ruby API	`Fontist.preferred_family = true`	Current session
5	Default Value	Built-in defaults	Fallback

Example: Install Location Priority

# Priority 1: ENV VAR wins
export FONTIST_INSTALL_LOCATION=user
fontist install "Roboto" --location system  # Still uses "user"!

# To override ENV, unset it first
unset FONTIST_INSTALL_LOCATION
fontist install "Roboto" --location system  # Now uses "system"

Configuration Settings Matrix

Setting	ENV VAR	Config Key	CLI Option	Default
Base path	`FONTIST_PATH`	-	-	`~/.fontist`
Fonts path	-	`fonts_path`	-	`~/.fontist/fonts`
Formulas path	`FONTIST_FORMULAS_PATH`	-	`--formulas-path`	(auto)
Install location	`FONTIST_INSTALL_LOCATION`	`fonts_install_location`	`--location`	`fontist`
User fonts path	`FONTIST_USER_FONTS_PATH`	`user_fonts_path`	-	Platform default
System fonts path	`FONTIST_SYSTEM_FONTS_PATH`	`system_fonts_path`	-	Platform default
Preferred family	`FONTIST_PREFERRED_FAMILY`	`preferred_family`	`--preferred-family`	`false`
Open timeout	-	`open_timeout`	-	`60`
Read timeout	-	`read_timeout`	-	`60`
Google Fonts key	`GOOGLE_FONTS_API_KEY`	`google_fonts_key`	-	`nil`

Environment Variables

Variable	Description	Default
`FONTIST_PATH`	Base directory for all Fontist data	`~/.fontist`
`FONTIST_FORMULAS_PATH`	Custom formulas directory	(auto)
`FONTIST_INSTALL_LOCATION`	Default install location (`fontist`, `user`, `system`)	`fontist`
`FONTIST_USER_FONTS_PATH`	Custom user fonts path	Platform default
`FONTIST_SYSTEM_FONTS_PATH`	Custom system fonts path	Platform default
`FONTIST_IMPORT_CACHE`	Import cache directory	`~/.fontist/import_cache`
`FONTIST_NO_MIRRORS`	Disable formula index mirrors	`false`
`FONTIST_PREFERRED_FAMILY`	Use preferred family naming	`false`
`GOOGLE_FONTS_API_KEY`	Google Fonts API key	(none)

Example: Custom Fontist Path

# Use a different base directory
export FONTIST_PATH=/opt/fontist
fontist install "Roboto"
# Installs to /opt/fontist/fonts/roboto/

Managed vs Non-Managed Locations

Managed Locations (Fontist controls)

When using default paths or paths with /fontist/ subdirectory:

~/.fontist/fonts/ - Always managed
~/Library/Fonts/fontist/ - Managed subdirectory
/Library/Fonts/fontist/ - Managed subdirectory

Behavior: Fontist safely replaces existing fonts

Non-Managed Locations (custom paths)

When you set custom root paths via ENV:

FONTIST_USER_FONTS_PATH=~/Library/Fonts → installs directly to user fonts
FONTIST_SYSTEM_FONTS_PATH=/Library/Fonts → installs directly to system fonts

Behavior: Fontist uses unique filenames (-fontist suffix) to avoid overwriting existing fonts

How Fontist Works ​

Architecture Overview ​

Directory Structure ​

Font Indexes ​

Index Types ​

Formula Index ​

System Font Index ​

Font Lookup Order ​

System Font Detection ​

macOS ​

Windows ​

Linux ​

Configuration Priority ​

Priority Order (Highest to Lowest) ​

Example: Install Location Priority ​

Configuration Settings ​

Environment Variables ​

Example: Custom Fontist Path ​

Installation Locations ​

Platform-Specific User Paths ​

Specifying Location ​

Font Lookup Flow ​

Resource Dispatch ​

Index Management ​

Automatic Rebuilding ​

Manual Index Commands ​

Index Update Strategies ​

Configuration Priority ​

Priority Order (Highest to Lowest) ​

Example: Install Location Priority ​

Configuration Settings Matrix ​

Environment Variables ​

Example: Custom Fontist Path ​

Managed vs Non-Managed Locations ​

Managed Locations (Fontist controls) ​

Non-Managed Locations (custom paths) ​

See Also ​

How Fontist Works

Architecture Overview

Directory Structure

Font Indexes

Index Types

Formula Index

System Font Index

Font Lookup Order

System Font Detection

macOS

Windows

Linux

Configuration Priority

Priority Order (Highest to Lowest)

Example: Install Location Priority

Configuration Settings

Environment Variables

Example: Custom Fontist Path

Installation Locations

Platform-Specific User Paths

Specifying Location

Font Lookup Flow

Resource Dispatch

Index Management

Automatic Rebuilding

Manual Index Commands

Index Update Strategies

Configuration Priority

Priority Order (Highest to Lowest)

Example: Install Location Priority

Configuration Settings Matrix

Environment Variables

Example: Custom Fontist Path

Managed vs Non-Managed Locations

Managed Locations (Fontist controls)

Non-Managed Locations (custom paths)

See Also